The reasoner of the Spire Food Webs Constructor utilizes data collected
worldwide by a number of researchers. Most of this data was obtained
from the following projects and modified by C. S. Parr. We are grateful
for their contribution.
We appreciate the contribution
of all the researchers whose studies serve as the base for our research.
Below are the details of studies currently used in our research project:
| ID | Study Details | Publ Year |
Habitat | Locality |
|---|
| 1 | S. Z. Qazim, Some problems related to the food chain in a tropical estuary. In: Marine Food Chains, J. H. Steele, Ed. (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1970), pp. 45-51, from p. 50. | 1970 | Brackish water
| Country: India; Locality: Cochin |
| 2 | J. H. Day, The biology of Knysna estuary, South Africa. In: Estuaries, G. H. Lauff, Ed. (American Association for the Advancement of Science Publication 83, Washington, DC, 1967), pp. 397-407, from p. 406. | 1967 | Estuarine
| Country: South Africa |
| 3 | G. M. Woodwell, Toxic substances and ecological cycles, Sci. Am. 216(3):24-31, from pp. 26-27 (March 1967). | 1967 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: New York; Locality: Long Island |
| 4 | R. F. Johnston, Predation by short-eared owls on a Salicornia salt marsh, Wilson Bull. 68(2):91-102, from p. 99 (1956). | 1956 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: California |
| 5 | J. M. Teal, Energy flow in the salt marsh ecosystem of Georgia, Ecology 43(4):614-624, from p. 616 (1962). | 1962 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: Georgia |
| 6 | G. E. MacGinitie, Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary, Am. Midland Nat. 16(5):629-765, from p. 652 (1935). | 1935 | 1.Estuarine
2.Intertidal
3.Littoral
| Country: USA; State: California |
| 7 | J. N. Kremer and S. W. Nixon, A Coastal Marine Ecosystem: Simulation and Analysis, Vol. 24 of Ecol. Studies (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978), from p. 12. | 1978 | Coastal
| Country: USA; State: Rhode Island |
| 8 | S. W. Nixon and C. A. Oviatt, Ecology of a New England salt marsh, Ecol. Monogr. 43:463-498, from p. 491 (1973). | 1973 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: Rhode Island |
| 9 | J. A. Kitching and F. J. Ebling, Ecological studies at Lough Ine, Adv. Ecol. Res. 4:197-291, from p. 288 (1967). | 1967 | River
| Country: Ireland |
| 10 | B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland, Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity, Am. Nat. 110(973):351-369, from p. 355 (1976). | 1976 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: New England |
| 11 | B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland, Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity, Am. Nat. 110(973):351-369, from p. 355 (1976). | 1976 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: New England |
| 12 | B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland, Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity, Am. Nat. | 1976 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: Washington |
| 13 | B. A. Menge and J. P. Sutherland, Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition and temporal heterogeneity, Am. Nat. 110(973):351-369, from p. 360 (1976). | 1976 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: Washington |
| 14 | G. E. Walsh, An ecological study of a Hawaiian mangrove swamp. In: Estuaries, G. H. Lauff, Ed. (American Association for the Advancement of Science Publication 83, Washington, DC, 1967), pp. 420-431, from p. 424, from p. 424. | 1967 | Swamp
| Country: USA; State: Hawaii |
| 15 | G. E. Walsh, An ecological study of a Hawaiian mangrove swamp. In: Estuaries, G. H. Lauff, Ed. (AAAS Publication 83, Washington, DC, 1967), pp. 420-431, from p. 426. | 1967 | Swamp
| Country: USA; State: Hawaii |
| 16 | B. J. Copeland, K. R. Tenore, D. B. Horton, Oligohaline regime. In: Coastal Ecological Systems of the United States, H. T. Odum, B. J. Copeland, E. A. McMahan, Eds. (Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC, 1974) 2:315-357, from p. 318. | 1974 | Estuarine
| Country: USA; State: North Carolina; Locality: Pamlico |
| 17 | R. Hiatt and D. W. Strasburg, Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands, Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127, from p. 125 (1960). | 1960 | Reef
| Country: Marshall Islands |
| 18 | W. A. Niering, Terrestrial ecology of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands, Ecol. Monogr. 33(2):131-160, from p. 157 (1963). | 1963 | Reef
| Country: Polynesia |
| 19 | J. L. Brooks and E. S. Deevey, New England. In: Limnology in North America, D. G. Frey, Ed. (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1963), pp. 117-162, from p. 143. | 1963 | Lake or pond
| Country: USA; State: Maine |
| 20 | G. A. Knox, Antarctic marine ecosystems. In: Antarctic Ecology, M. W. Holdgate, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1970) 1:69-96, from p. 87. | 1970 | Estuarine
| Country: Antarctic |
| 21 | B. C. Patten and J. T. Finn, Systems approach to continental shelf ecosystems. In: Theoretical Systems Ecology, E. Halfon, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1979) pp. 183-212 from p. 202. | 1979 | 1.Marine
2.Tropical
| Country: Southern Ocean |
| 22 | V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island, J. Ecol. 11:214-286, from p. 232 (1923). | 1923 | Coastal
| Country: Norway; State: Spitsbergen |
| 23 | R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 383 (1930). | 1930 | Grassland
| Country: Canada; State: Manitoba |
| 24 | R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 393 (1930). | 1930 | Forest
| Country: Canada; State: Manitoba |
| 25 | R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 406 (1930). | 1930 | Forest
| Country: Canada; State: Manitoba |
| 26 | R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 410 (1930). | 1930 | Forest
| Country: Canada; State: Manitoba |
| 27 | G. C. Varley, The concept of energy flow applied to a woodland community. In: Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources, A. Watson, Ed. (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, 1970), pp. 389-401, from p. 389. | 1970 | Forest
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 28 | K. Paviour-Smith, The biotic community of a salt meadow in New Zealand, Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83(3):525-554, from p. 542 (1956). | 1956 | Grassland
| Country: New Zealand |
| 29 | M. J. Dunbar, Arctic and subarctic marine ecology: immediate problems, Arctic 7:213-228, from p. 223 (1954). | 1954 | Marine
| Country: Arctic |
| 30 | N. A. Mackintosh, A survey of antarctic biology up to 1945. In: Biologie antarctique, R. Carrick, M. Holdgate, J. Prevost, Eds. (Hermann, Paris, 1964), pp. 3-38. | 1964 | Marine
| Country: Antarctic |
| 31 | T. S. Petipa, E. V. Pavlova, G. N. Mironov, The food web structure, utilization transport of energy by trophic levels in the planktonic communities. In: Marine Food Chains, J. H. Steele, Ed. (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1970), 142-167, from p. 154. | 1970 | Marine
| Country: unknown; State: Black Sea |
| 32 | T. S. Petipa, E. V. Pavlova, G. N. Mironov, The food web structure, utilization transport of energy by trophic levels in the planktonic communities. In: Marine Food Chains, J. H. Steele, Ed. (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1970), 142-167 from p. 155. | 1970 | Marine
| Country: unknown; State: Black Sea |
| 33 | G. Fryer, The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa, Proc. London Zool. Soc. 132:153-229, from p. 219 (1959). | 1959 | River
| Country: Malawi |
| 34 | J. R. E. Jones, A further ecological study of calcareous streams in the "Black Mountain" district of South Wales, J. Anim. Ecol. 18:142-159, from p. 157 (1949). | 1949 | River
| Country: Wales; Locality: River Clydach |
| 35 | G. W. Minshall, Role of allochthonous detritus in the trophic structure of a woodland springbrook community, Ecology 48(1):139-149, from p. 148 (1967). | 1967 | River
| Country: USA; State: Kentucky |
| 36 | G. E. Walsh, An ecological study of a Hawaiian mangrove swamp. In: Estuaries, G. H. Lauff, Ed. (AAAS Publication 83, Washington, DC, 1967), pp. 420-431, from p. 429. | 1967 | Swamp
| Country: USA; State: Hawaii |
| 37 | T. A. Clark, A. O. Flechsig, R. W. Grigg, Ecological studies during Project Sealab II, Science 157(3795):1381-1389, from p. 1384 (1967). | 1967 | 1.Marine
2.Sublittoral
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 38 | G. Fryer, The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa, Proc. London Zool. Soc. 132:153-281, from p. 217 (1959). | 1959 | Lake or pond
| Country: Malawi; Locality: Lake Nyasa |
| 39 | G. Fryer, The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa, Proc. London Zool. Soc. 132:153-281, from p. 218 (1959). | 1959 | Lake or pond
| Country: Malawi; Locality: Lake Nyasa |
| 40 | J. L. Harrison, The distribution of feeding habits among animals in a tropical rain forest, J. Anim. Ecol. 31:53-63, from p. 61 (1962). | 1962 | Rainforest
| Country: Malaysia |
| 41 | N. V. Parin, Ichthyofauna of the Epipelagic Zone (Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1970; U.S. Department of Commerce Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, VA 22151), from p. 154. | 1970 | 1.epipelagic zone
2.Tropical
| Country: unknown |
| 42 | M. E. Vinogradov and E. A. Shushkina, Some development patterns of plankton communities in the upwelling areas of the Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biol. 48:357-366, from p. 359 (1978). | 1978 | Marine
| Country: Pacific |
| 43 | R. J. Rosenthal, W. D. Clarke, P. K. Dayton, Ecology and natural history of a stand of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, off Del Mar, California. Fish. Bull. (Dublin) 72(3):670-684, from p. 683 (1974). | 1974 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 44 | A. Yanez-Arancibia, Taxonomia, ecologia y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efimeras del Pacifico de Mexico. | 1978 | Coastal
| Country: Mexico; State: Guerrero |
| 45 | L. J. Tilly, The structure and dynamics of Cone Spring. Ecol. Monogr. 38(2):169-197, from p. 183 (1968). | 1968 | Agricultural
| Country: USA; State: Iowa |
| 46 | B. C. Patten and 40 co-authors, Total ecosystem model for a cove in Lake Texoma. In: Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, B. C. Patten, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1975), 3:205-421, from pp. 236, 258, 268. | 1975 | Lake or pond
| Country: USA; State: Texas |
| 47 | L. D. Harris and G. B. Bowman, Vertebrate predator subsystem. In: Grasslands, Systems Analysis and Man, A. I. Breymeyer and G. M. Van Dyne, Eds. (International Biological Programme Series, no. 19, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, 1980), pp. 591- | 1980 | Swamp
| Country: USA; State: Florida; Locality: South Florida |
| 48 | C. A. Simenstad, J. A. Estes, K. W. Kenyon, Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities, Science 200:403-411, from p. 404 (1978). | 1978 | Coastal
| Country: USA; State: Alaska; Locality: Aleutian Islands |
| 49 | C. A. Simenstad, J. A. Estes, K. W. Kenyon, Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities, Science 200:403-411, from p. 404 (1978). | 1978 | Coastal
| Country: USA; State: Alaska; Locality: Aleutian Islands |
| 50 | J. W. Nybakken, Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach (Harper and Row, New York, 1982), from p. 242. | 1982 | Coastal
| Country: USA; State: California |
| 51 | R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 272 (1947). | 1947 | 1.Marine
2.Sublittoral
| Country: USA; State: Massachusetts; Locality: Cape Ann |
| 52 | R. T. Paine, Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure, J. Anim. Ecol. 49:667-685, from p. 670 (1980). | 1980 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: Alaska; Locality: Torch Bay |
| 53 | R. T. Paine, Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure, J. Anim. Ecol. 49:667-685, from p. 670 (1980). | 1980 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: Washington; Locality: Cape Flattery |
| 54 | F. Briand, unpublished observations | 1985 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: Barbados |
| 55 | H. Milne and G. M. Dunnet, Standing crop, productivity and trophic relations of the fauna of the Ythan estuary. In: The Estuarine Environment, R. S. K. Barnes and J. Green, Eds. (Applied Science Publications, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1972), pp. 86-106, from | 1972 | 1.Littoral
2.Mudflat
| Country: Scotland; Locality: Ythan estuary |
| 56 | H. Milne and G. M. Dunnet, Standing crop, productivity and trophic relations of the fauna of the Ythan estuary. In: The Estuarine Environment, R. S. K. Barnes and J. Green, Eds. (Applied Science Publications, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1972), pp. 86-106, from | 1972 | Estuarine
| Country: Scotland; Locality: Ythan estuary |
| 57 | A. Yanez-Arancibia, Taxonomia, ecologia y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efimeras del Pacifico de Mexico. Cent. Cienc. del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Auton. Mex. Publ. Espec. 2:1-306 (1978). | 1978 | Brackish water
| Country: Mexico; State: Guerrero |
| 58 | N. N. Smirnov, Food cycles in sphagnous bogs, Hydrobiologia 17:175-182, from p. 179 (1961). | 1961 | Agricultural
| Country: Russia |
| 59 | A. C. Twomey, The bird population of an elm-maple forest with special reference to aspection, territorialism, and coactions, Ecol. Monogr. 15(2):175-205, from p. 202 (1945). | 1945 | Forest
| Country: USA; State: Illinois |
| 60 | D. I. Rasmussen, Biotic communities of Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, Ecol. Monogr. 11(3):228-275, from p. 261 (1941). | 1941 | 1.Forest
2.Montane
| Country: USA; State: Arizona |
| 61 | V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 211 (1928). | 1928 | Tundra
| Country: Norway; State: Spitsbergen |
| 62 | V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 217 (1928). | 1928 | Agricultural
| Country: Norway; State: Spitsbergen |
| 63 | J. R. E. Jones, A further ecological study of the river Rheidol: the food of the common insects of the main-stream, J. Anim. Ecol. 19:159-174, from p. 172 (1950). | 1950 | River
| Country: Wales; Locality: River Rheidol |
| 64 | K. W. Cummins, W. P. Coffman, P. A. Roff, Trophic relationships in a small woodland stream, Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 16:627-638, from p. 630 (1966). | 1966 | River
| Country: USA; State: Pennsylvania |
| 65 | M. Tsuda, Interim results of the Yoshino River productivity survey, especially on benthic animals. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (Polish Scientific, Warsaw, 1972), pp. 827-841, from p. 839. | 1972 | River
| Country: Japan |
| 66 | K. H. Mann, R. H. Britton, A. Kowalczewski, T. J. Lack, C. P. Mathews and I. McDonald, Productivity and energy flow at all trophic levels in the River Thames, England. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (P | 1972 | River
| Country: England; Locality: River Thames |
| 67 | C. A. Carlson, Summer bottom fauna of the Mississippi River, above Dam 19, Keokuk, Iowa, Ecology 49(1):162-168, from p. 167 (1968). | 1968 | River
| Country: USA; State: Iowa; Locality: Mississippi River |
| 68 | N. C. Morgan and D. S. McLusky, A summary of the Loch Leven IBP results in relation to lake management and future research, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh Series B 74:407-416, from p. 408 (1972). | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: Scotland |
| 69 | L. Saldanha, Estudio Ambiental do Estuario do Tejo, Publ. no. 5(4) (CNA/Tejo, Lisbon, 1980). | 1980 | Estuarine
| Country: Portugal |
| 70 | W. M. Kemp, W. H. B. Smith, H. N. McKellar, M. E. Lehman, M. Homer, D. L. Young and H. T. Odum, Energy cost-benefit analysis applied to power plants near Crystal River, Florida. In: Ecosystem Modeling in Theory and Practice: An Introduction with Case His | 1977 | Estuarine
| Country: USA; State: Florida |
| 71 | Y. I. Sorokin, Biological productivity of the Rybinsk reservoir. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (Polish Scientific, Warsaw, 1972), pp. 493-503, from p. 497. | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: Russia |
| 72 | A. Baril, Effect of the water mite Piona constricta on planktonic community structure, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ottawa, Canada (1983). | 1983 | 1.Lake or pond
2.Pelagic
| Country: Quebec |
| 73 | F. Schiemer, M. Bobek, P. Gludovatz, A. Ioschenkohl, I. Zweimuller and M. Martinetz, Trophische Interaktionen im Pelagial des Hafnersees, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1:191-209 (1982). | 1982 | Lake or pond
| Country: Austria; Locality: Hafner Lake |
| 74 | A. C. Brown, Food relationships on the intertidal sandy beaches of the Cape Peninsula, S. Afr. J. Sci. 60:35-41, from p. 39 (1964). | 1964 | Desert or dune
| Country: South Africa |
| 75 | R. Pechlaner, G. Bretschko, P. Gollmann, H. Pfeifer, M. Tilzer and H. P. Weissenbach, Ein Hochgebirgssee (Vorderer Finstertaler See, K htai, Tirol) als Modell des Energietransportes durch ein limnisches Oekosystem, Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 65:47-56, from p | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: Austria; Locality: Vorderer Finstertaler Lake |
| 76 | F. Schiemer, The benthic community of the open lake. In: Neusiedlersee: The Limnology of a Shallow Lake in Central Europe, H. L ffler, Ed. (Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, Netherlands, 1979), pp. 337-384, from p. 376. | 1979 | Lake or pond
| Country: Austria; Locality: Neusiedler Lake |
| 77 | D. Riedel, Der Margheritensee (Sudabessinien) - Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Abessinischen Graben-Seen, Arch. Hydrobiol. 58(4):435-466, from p. 457 (1962). | 1962 | Lake or pond
| Country: Ethiopia; Locality: Lake Abaya |
| 78 | M. J. Burgis, I. G. Dunn, G. G. Ganf, L. M. McGowan and A. B. Viner, Lake George, Uganda: Studies on a tropical freshwater ecosystem. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (Polish Scientific, Warsaw, 1972), p | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: Uganda |
| 79 | J. Sarvala, Paarjarven energiatalous, Luonnon Tutkija 78(4-5):181-190, from p. 184 (1974). | 1974 | 1.Lake or pond
2.Pelagic
| Country: Finland |
| 80 | J. Sarvala, Paarjarven energiatalous, Luonnon Tutkija 78:181-190, from p. 185. | 1974 | 1.Lake or pond
2.Littoral
| Country: Finland |
| 81 | M. A. Hatanaka, Sendai Bay. In: Productivity of Biocenoses in Coastal Regions of Japan, K. Hogetsu, M. Horanaka, T. Hatanaka, T. Kawamura, Eds. (Japanese Committee for the International Biological Program Synthesis, Tokyo, 1977), 14:173-221, from p. 190. | 1977 | 1.Coastal
2.mesopelagic zone
| Country: Japan |
| 82 | P. Ohm and H. Remmert, Etudes sur les rockpools des Pyrenees-Orientales, Vie et Milieu 6:194-209, from p. 208 (Fig. 5.) (1955). | 1955 | Lake or pond
| Country: Finland |
| 83 | K. Aulio, K. Jumppanen, H. Molsa, J. Nevalainen, M. Rajasilta, I. Vuorinen, Litoraalin merkitys Pyhajarven kalatuotannolle, Sakylan Pyhajarven Tila Ja Biologinen Tuotanto (Lounais-Suomen Vesiensuojeluyhdistys R. Y., Turku, Finland, 1981) 47:173-176. | 1981 | 1.Lake or pond
2.Littoral
| Country: Finland |
| 84 | H. M. Wilbur, Competition, predation, and the structure of the Ambystoma-Rana sylvatica community, Ecology 53:3-21, from p. 14 (1972). | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: USA; State: Michigan |
| 85 | T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado, Food chain. In: Tasek Bera, J. I. Furtado and S. Mori, Eds. (Junk, The Hague, Netherlands, 1982), pp. 357-359, from p. 358. | 1982 | Swamp
| Country: Malaysia |
| 86 | K. Hogetsu, Biological productivity of some coastal regions of Japan. In: Marine Production Mechanisms, M. J. Dunbar, Ed. (International Biological Programme Series, no. 20, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, 1979), pp. 71-87, from p. 74. | 1979 | 1.Brackish water
2.epipelagic zone
| Country: Japan |
| 87 | M. S. W. Bradstreet and W. E. Cross, Trophic relationships at High Arctic ice edges, Arctic 3(1)5:1-12, from p. 9 (1982). | 1982 | Ice cap
| Country: Canada; Locality: high Arctic |
| 88 | K. Kuusela, Early summer ecology and community structure of the macrozoobenthos on stones in the Javajankoski rapids on the river Lestijoki, Finland, Acta Universitatis Ouluensis (Ser. A, no. 87, Oulu, Finland, 1979). | 1979 | River
| Country: Finland |
| 89 | P. H. T. Hartley, Food and feeding relationships in a community of fresh-water fishes, J. Anim. Ecol. 17(1):1-14, from p. 12 (1948). | 1948 | River
| Country: England; Locality: River Cam |
| 90 | D. J. Shure, Radionuclide tracer analysis of trophic relationships in an old-field ecosystem, Ecol. Monogr. 43(1):1-19, from p. 15 (1973). | 1973 | Agricultural
| Country: USA; State: New Jersey |
| 91 | Y. Kitazawa, Ecosystem metabolism of the subalpine coniferous forest of the Shigayama IBP area. In: Ecosystem Analysis of the Subalpine Coniferous Forest of Shigayama IBP Area, Central Japan, Y. Kitazawa, Ed. (Japanese Committee for the International Biol | 1977 | Forest
| Country: Japan |
| 92 | L. W. Swan, The ecology of the high Himalayas, Sci. Am. 205:68-78, from pp. 76-77 (October 1961). | 1961 | Montane
| Country: Tibet |
| 93 | D. L. Pattie and N. A. M. Verbeek, Alpine birds of the Beartooth Mountains, Condor 68:167-176 (1966); Alpine mammals of the Beartooth Mountains, Northwest Sci. 41(3):110-117 (1967). | 1966 | Tundra
| Country: USA; State: Montana |
| 94 | J. Brown, The structure and function of the tundra ecosystem, U.S. Tundra Biome 1971 Progress Rept. 1 (1971). | 1971 | Tundra
| Country: USA; State: Alaska; Locality: Barrow |
| 95 | J. Brown, Ecological investigations of the Tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay Region, Alaska, Special Report, no. 2, Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska (1975), from p. xiv. | 1948 | Tundra
| Country: USA; State: Alaska |
| 96 | V. I. Osmolovskaya, Geographical distribution of raptors in Kazakhstan plains and their importance for pest control, Tr. Acad. Sci. USSR Inst. Geogr. 41:5-77 (1948). (In Russian.) | 1948 | Tundra
| Country: Russia |
| 97 | T. Dunaeva and V. Kucheruk, Material on the ecology of the terrestrial vertebrates of the tundra of south Yamal, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou (N.S., Zool. Sect.) 4(19):1-80 (1941). | 1941 | Tundra
| Country: Russia |
| 98 | E. Holm and C. H. Scholtz, Structure and pattern of the Namib Desert dune ecosystem at Gobabeb, Madoqua 12(1):3-39, from p. 21 (1980). | 1980 | Desert or dune
| Country: Namibia; Locality: Namib Desert |
| 99 | P. G. Howes, The Giant Cactus Forest and Its World: A Brief Biology of the Giant Cactus Forest of Our American Southwest (Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York; Little, Brown, Boston; 1954), from pp. 222-239, from p. 227. | 1954 | Desert or dune
| Country: USA; State: Arizona; Locality: Sonora Desert |
| 100 | I. K. Sharma, A study of ecosystems of the Indian desert, Trans. Indian Soc. Desert Technol. and Univ. Center Desert Stud. 5(2):51-55, from p. 52 and A study of agro-ecosystems in the Indian desert, ibid. 5:77-82, from p. 79 1980). | 1980 | Desert or dune
| Country: India; Locality: Rajasthan Desert |
| 101 | P. Ohm and H. Remmert, Etudes sur les rockpools des Pyrenees-Orientales, Vie et Milieu 6:194-209, from p. 208 (Fig. 4.) (1955). | 1955 | 1.Lake or pond
2.Rockpool
| Country: Finland |
| 102 | E. A. Shushkina and M. E. Vinogradov, Trophic relationships in communities and the functioning of marine ecosystems: II. Some results of investigations on the pelagic ecosystem in tropical regions of the ocean. In: Marine Production Mechanisms, M. J. Dun | 1979 | 1.Marine
2.Tropical
| Country: Pacific |
| 103 | T. S. Petipa, Trophic relationships in communities and the functioning of marine ecosystems: I. Studies in trophic relationships in pelagic communities of the southern seas of the USSR and in the tropical Pacific. In: Marine Production Mechanisms, M. J. D | 1979 | Tropical
| Country: Pacific |
| 104 | B. A. Menge, J. Lubchenco, S. D. Gaines and L. R. Ashkenas, A test of the Menge-Sutherland model of community organization in a tropical rocky intertidal food web, Oecologia (Berlin) 71:75-89, from p. 85 (1986). | 1986 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: Pacific; State: Bay of Panama |
| 105 | D. C. Edwards, D. O. Conover, F. Sutter, Mobile predators and the structure of marine intertidal communities, Ecology 63(4):1175-1180, from p. 1178 (1982). | 1982 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
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| 106 | P. W. Glynn, Community composition, structure, and interrelationships in the marine intertidal Endocladia Muricata - Balanus glandula association in Monterey Bay, California, Beaufortia 12(148):1-198, from p. 133 (1965). | 1965 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Monterey Bay |
| 107 | C. H. Peterson, The importance of predation and competition in organizing the intertidal epifaunal communities of Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, Oecologia (Berlin) 39:1-24, from p. 8 (1979). | 1979 | Brackish water
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| 108 | W. G. Hewatt, Ecological studies on selected marine intertidal communities of Monterey Bay, California, Am. Midl. Nat. 18(2):161-206, from p. 196 (1937). | 1937 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
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| 109 | J. C. Castilla, Perspectivas de investigacion en estructura y dinamica de communidades intermareales rocosas de Chile Central. II. Depredadores de alto nivel trofico, Medio Ambiente 5(1-2):190-215, from p. 203 (1981). | 1981 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
| Country: Chile; Locality: central Chile |
| 110 | R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 278 (1947). | 1947 | 1.Littoral
2.Rocky shore
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| 111 | R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 284 (1947). | 1947 | 1.Littoral
2.Mudflat
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| 112 | R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 287 (1947). | 1947 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: Massachusetts; Locality: Cape Ann |
| 113 | R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 288 (1947). | 1947 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: Massachusetts; Locality: Cape Ann |
| 114 | B. E. Marshall, The fish of Lake McIlwaine. In Lake McIlwaine: the eutrophication and recovery of a tropical man-made lake (J. A. Thornton, Ed.) Vol 49 Monographia Biologicae, D. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp. 156-188, from p. 180 (1982). | 1982 | Lake or pond
| Country: Africa; Locality: Lake McIlwaine |
| 115 | H. W. Koepcke and M. Koepcke, Sobre el proceso de transformacion de la materia organica en las playas arenosas marinas del Peru. Publ. Univ. Nac. Mayer San Marcos, Zoologie Serie A, No. 8, from p. 24 (1952). | 1952 | Coastal
| Country: Peru |
| 116 | S. H. Hurlbert, M. S. Mulla, and H. R. Willson, Effects of an organophosphorus insecticide on the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and insect populations of freshwater ponds, Ecol. Monog. 42(1):269-299, from p. 293 (1972). | 1972 | Temporary pool
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| 117 | T. M. Zaret and R. T. Paine, Species introduction in a tropical lake, Science 182:449-455 (1973), from p. 452. | 1983 | Lake or pond
| Country: Panama; Locality: Gatun Lake |
| 118 | M. E. Blindloss, A. V. Holden, A. E. Bailey-Watts and I. R. Smith, Phytoplankton production, chemical and physical conditions in Loch Leven. Productivity Problems of Freshwaters (Eds. Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska), Polish Scientific Publishers, War | 1972 | Lake or pond
| Country: Scotland; Locality: Loch Leven |
| 119 | K. H. Mann, Case history: The River Thames. In: River Ecology and Man (R. T. Oglesby, C. A. Carlson, J. A. McCann, Eds.), Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 215-232 (1972), from p. 224. | 1972 | River
| Country: England; Locality: River Thames |
| 120 | D. J. W. Moriarty, J. P. E. C. Darlington, I. G. Dunn, C. M. Moriarty and M. P. Tevlin, Feeding and grazing in Lake George, Uganda, Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 184:299-319 (1973). | 1973 | Lake or pond
| Country: Uganda; Locality: Lake George |
| 121 | F. B. van Es, A preliminary carbon budget for a part of the Ems estuary: The Dollard, Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 30:283-294, from p. 292 (1977). | 1977 | Estuarine
| Country: Netherlands; State: Wadden Sea; Locality: Ems estuary |
| 122 | S. W. Nixon and C. A. Oviatt, Ecology of a New England salt marsh, Ecol. Monog. 43:463-498, from p. 491 (1973). | 1973 | Marine
| Country: USA; State: Rhode Island |
| 123 | L. D. Harris and L. Paur, A quantitative food web analysis of a shortgrass community, Technical Report No. 154, Grassland Biome. U.S. International Biological Program (1972), from p. 17. | 1972 | Grassland
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Cabrillo Point |
| 124 | N. C. Collins, R. Mitchell and R. G. Wiegert, Functional analysis of a thermal spring ecosystem, with an evaluation of the role of consumers, Ecology 57:1221-1232, from p. 1222 (1976). | 1976 | Temporary pool
| Country: USA; State: Yellowstone |
| 125 | M. R. Landry, A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems, Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 30:8-17, from p. 12 (1977). | 1977 | 1.Marine
2.Pelagic
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| 126 | P. Larson, J. E. Brittain, L. Lein, A. Lillehammer and K. Tangen, The lake ecosystem of Ovre Heimdalsvatn, Holarctic Ecology 1:304-320, from p. 311 (1978). | 1978 | Lake or pond
| Country: Norway; State: Oppland; Locality: Ovre Heimdalsvatn Lake |
| 127 | R. A. Beaver, Fauna and food webs of pitcher plants in West Malaysia, The Malayan Nature Journal 33(1):1-10, from p. 8 (1979). | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Malaysia; Locality: W. Malaysia |
| 128 | R. A. Beaver, Fauna and food webs of pitcher plants in West Malaysia, The Malayan Nature Journal 33(1):1-10, from p. 8 (1979). | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Malaysia; Locality: W. Malaysia |
| 129 | C. Morley, Personal communication (1981). | 1981 | Soil
| Country: unknown |
| 130 | W. E. Odum and E. J. Heald, The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community, In Estuarine Research, Vol. 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System, Academic Press, New York, pp. 265-286, from p. 281 (1975). | 1975 | Estuarine
| Country: USA; State: Florida; Locality: Everglades |
| 131 | R. A. Beaver, 1985. Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Ecol. Entomol. 10:241-248, from p. 243. | 1985 | Plant substrate
| Country: Malaysia; Locality: W. Malaysia |
| 132 | R. A. Beaver, 1985. Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Ecol. Entomol. 10:241-248, from p. 243. | 1985 | Plant substrate
| Country: Malaysia; Locality: W. Malaysia |
| 133 | R. A. Beaver, 1985. Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Ecol. Entomol. 10:241-248, from p. 242. | 1985 | Plant substrate
| Country: Sri Lanka |
| 134 | R. A. Beaver, 1985. Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Ecol. Entomol. 10:241-248, from p. 242. | 1985 | Plant substrate
| Country: Madagascar |
| 135 | R. A. Beaver, 1985. Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Ecol. Entomol. 10:241-248, from p. 242. | 1985 | Plant substrate
| Country: Seychelles |
| 136 | W. E. Bradshaw, 1983. Interactions between the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii, the midge Metriocnemus knabi, and their carnivorous host Sarracenia purpurea. In: Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities, J. H. Frank and L. P. | 1983 | Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: NE USA |
| 137 | B. Corker, 1984. The ecology of the pitcher plant, Nepenthes mirabilis, andits associated fauna in Hong Kong. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hong Kong. Prior number: K. Schoenly and R. A. Beaver (1988) 3 | 1984 | Plant substrate
| Country: Hong Kong |
| 138 | R. L. Kitching, 1983. Community structure in water-filled treeholes in Europe and Australia -- comparisons and speculations. In: Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities, J. H. Frank and L. P. Lounibos, Eds. (Plexus Pub | 1983 | 1.Plant substrate
2.Treeholes
| Country: England |
| 139 | R. L. Kitching, 1983. Community structure in water-filled treeholes in Europe and Australia -- comparisons and speculations. In: Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities, J. H. Frank and L. P. Lounibos, Eds. (Plexus Pub | 1983 | 1.Plant substrate
2.Treeholes
| Country: Australia |
| 140 | R. P. Seifert and F. H. Seifert, 1979. A Heliconia insect community in a Venezuelan cloud forest. Ecology 60:462-467, from p. 463. | 1979 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
3.Tropical
| Country: Venezuela |
| 141 | R. P. Seifert and F. H. Seifert, 1976. A community matrix analysis of Heliconia insect communities. Am. Nat. 110:461-483, from pp. 464-66. | 1976 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
3.Tropical
| Country: Costa Rica |
| 142 | R. P. Seifert and F. H. Seifert, 1976. A community matrix analysis of Heliconia insect communities. Am. Nat. 110:461-483, from pp. 464-466. | 1976 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
3.Tropical
| Country: Costa Rica |
| 143 | R. L. Kitching and S. L. Pimm, 1988. The length of food chains: phytotelmata in Australia and elsewhere. Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust. 14:123-140, from p. 134 (from W. E. Snow, 1958, Stratification of arthropods in a wet stump cavity. Ecology 39(1):83-88, fr | 1988 | 1.Plant substrate
2.Treeholes
| Country: USA; State: Alabama |
| 144 | R. L. Kitching and S. L. Pimm, 1988. The length of food chains: phytotelmata in Australia and elsewhere. Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust. 14:123-140, from p. 133 (from U. Rohnert, 1950. Wasserfullte Baumhohlen und ihre Besiedlung. Ein Beitrag zur Fauna dendroli | 1988 | 1.Plant substrate
2.Treeholes
| Country: Germany |
| 145 | M. Rejmanek and P. Stary, 1979. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems. Nature 280:311-313, from p. 312. | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Europe; State: Central Europe |
| 146 | M. Rejmanek and P. Stary, 1979. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems. Nature 280:311-313, from p. 312. | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Europe; State: Central Europe |
| 147 | M. Rejmanek and P. Stary, 1979. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems. Nature 280:311-313, from p. 312. | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Europe; State: Central Europe |
| 148 | M. Rejmanek and P. Stary, 1979. Connectance in real biotic communities and critical values for stability of model ecosystems. Nature 280:311-313, from p. 312. | 1979 | Plant substrate
| Country: Europe; State: Central Europe |
| 149 | D. C. Force, 1974. Ecology of insect host-parasitoid communities. Science 184:624-632, from p. 626. | 1974 | Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California |
| 150 | M. J. G. Hopkins, 1984. The parasite complex associated with stem-boring Apion (Col., Curculionidae) feeding on Rumex species (Polygonaceae). Entomol. Mon. Mag. 120:187-192, from p. 191. | 1984 | Plant substrate
| Country: England; Locality: Lancaster |
| 151 | O. W. Richards, 1926. Studies on the ecology of English heaths III. Animal communities of the felling and burn successions at Oxshott Heath, Surrey. J. Ecol. 14:244-281, from pp. 263-64. | 1926 | 1.Heath
2.Plant substrate
| Country: England; Locality: Oxshott Heath |
| 152 | P. L. Whittaker, 1984. The insect fauna of mistletoe (Phoradendron tomentosum, Loranthaceae) in southern Texas. Southw. Nat. 29:435-444, from p. 443. | 1984 | Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: Texas |
| 153 | M. A. Mayse and P. W. Price, 1978. Seasonal development of soybean arthropod communities in east central Illinois. Agro-Ecosys. 4:387-405, from p. 401. | 1978 | Agricultural
| Country: USA; State: Illinois |
| 154 | M. A. Mayse and P. W. Price, 1978. Seasonal development of soybean arthropod communities in east central Illinois. Agro-Ecosys. 4:387-405, from p. 402. | 1978 | Agricultural
| Country: USA; State: Illinois |
| 155 | R. R. Askew, 1975. The organisation of chalcid-dominated parasitoid communities centred upon endophytic hosts. In: Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites, P. W. Price, Ed. (Plenum Press, New York) pp. 130-153, from p. 132. | 1975 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 156 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 239. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 157 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 239. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 158 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 239. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 159 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 240. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 160 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 242. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 161 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 242. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 162 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 242. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 163 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 241. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 164 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 241. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 165 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 241. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 166 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 241. | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 167 | R. R. Askew, 1961. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:237-268, from p. 239-42 (after S. Pimm, 1982. Food Webs. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 152-3). | 1961 | 1.Forest
2.Galls
3.Plant substrate
| Country: England; State: Oxfordshire; Locality: Wytham Wood |
| 168 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
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| 169 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 170 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 171 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 172 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 173 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 174 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 175 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 176 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
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| 177 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
| Country: USA; State: California; Locality: Southern California |
| 178 | B. A. Hawkins and R. D. Goeden, 1984. Organization of a parasitoid community associated with a complex of galls on Atriplex spp. in southern California. Ecol. Entomol. 9:271-292, from p. 274. | 1984 | 1.Galls
2.Plant substrate
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| 179 | I. Robinson, 1953. On the fauna of a brown flux of an elm tree, Ulmus procera Salisb. J. Anim. Ecol. 22:149-153, from p. 151. | 1953 | Plant substrate
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| 180 | H. E. Savely, 1939. Ecological relations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. Ecol. Monogr. 9:321-385, from pp. 335, 353-56, 377-85. | 1939 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
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| 181 | H. E. Savely, 1939. Ecological relations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. Ecol. Monogr. 9:321-385, from pp. 335, 353-56, 377-85. | 1939 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
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| 182 | H. E. Savely, 1939. Ecological relations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. Ecol. Monogr. 9:321-385, from pp. 335, 353-56, 377-85. | 1939 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
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| 183 | H. E. Savely, 1939. Ecological relations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. Ecol. Monogr. 9:321-385, from pp. 335, 353-56, 377-85. | 1939 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
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| 184 | R. A. Beaver, 1972. Ecological studies on Diptera breeding in dead snails. I. Biology of the species found in Cepaea nemoralis (L.). The Entomologist 105:41-52, from pp. 42-49. | 1972 | 1.Forest
2.Plant substrate
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| 185 | R. F. Chapman and J. H. P. Sankey, 1955. The larger invertebrate fauna of three rabbit carcasses. J. Anim. Ecol. 24:395-402, from p. 400. | 1955 | Carrion substrate
| Country: England |
| 186 | B. W. Cornaby, 1974. Carrion reduction by animals in contrasting tropical habitats. Biotropica 6:51-63, from pp. 54, 59-62. | 1974 | Carrion substrate
| Country: Costa Rica; State: Guanacaste |
| 187 | B. W. Cornaby, 1974. Carrion reduction by animals in contrasting tropical habitats. Biotropica 6:51-63, from pp. 54, 59-62. | 1974 | Carrion substrate
| Country: Costa Rica; State: de Osa |
| 188 | L. F. Jiron and V. M. Cartin, 1981. Insect succession in the decomposition of a mammal in Costa Rica. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 89:158-165, from p. 163. | 1981 | Carrion substrate
| Country: Costa Rica |
| 189 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: New Mexico; Locality: Aden Crater |
| 190 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: New Mexico; Locality: Aden Crater |
| 191 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: Texas; Locality: Hueco Mountains |
| 192 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: Texas; Locality: Hueco Tanks |
| 193 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: New Mexico; Locality: White Sands |
| 194 | M. McKinnerney, 1977. Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. thesis. University of Texas-El Paso, Texas; and 1978, Carrion communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southw. Nat. 23:563-576, from thesis and p. 571. | 1977 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: New Mexico; Locality: White Sands |
| 195 | K. Schoenly and W. Reid, 1983. Community structure of carrion arthropods in the Chihuahuan Desert. J. Arid Environ. 6:253-263, from pp. 256-58 & unpub. material. | 1983 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: Texas; Locality: Franklin Mtns |
| 196 | K. Schoenly and W. Reid, 1983. Community structure of carrion arthropods in the Chihuahuan Desert. J. Arid Environ. 6:253-263, from pp. 256-58 & unpub. material. | 1983 | Carrion substrate
| Country: USA; State: Texas; Locality: Franklin Mtns |
| 197 | C. O. Mohr, 1943. Cattle droppings as ecological units. Ecol. Monogr. 13:276-298, from p. 282. | 1943 | Dung
| Country: USA; State: Illinois |
| 198 | K. Schoenly, 1983. Arthropods associated with bovine and equine dung in an ungrazed Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 76:790-796, from pp. 792-93 & unpub. material. | 1983 | Dung
| Country: USA |
| 199 | I. Valiela, 1969. An experimental study of the mortality factors of larval Musca autumnalis DeGeer. Ecol. Monogr. 39:199-225, from p. 225. | 1969 | Dung
| Country: USA; State: New York |
| 200 | I. Valiela, 1974. Composition, food webs, and population limitation in dung arthropod communities during invasion and succession. Am. Midl. Nat. 92:370-385, from p. 379. | 1974 | Dung
| Country: USA; State: New York |
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